Delta to Star Conversion and Star to Delta Conversion: In the complicated networks involving large number of elements, Delta to Star and Star to Delta Conversion considerably reduce the complexity of the network and network can be analysed very quickly. These transformations allow us to replace three star connected elements of network, by equivalent Delta […]
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AC Fundamentals: Let us discuss in brief, the AC Fundamentals necessary to analyse the networks consisting of various alternating current and voltage sources, resistances and inductive, capacitive reactances. An alternating current or voltage is the one which changes periodically both in Cycle magnitude and direction. Such Change in magnitude and direction is measured in terms
Types of Energy Sources: There are basically two Types of Energy Sources ; voltage source and current source. These are classified as i) Ideal source and ii) Practical source. Let us see the difference between ideal and practical sources. Voltage Source Ideal voltage source is defined as the energy source which gives constant voltage across
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Circuit Elements: Let us take a brief review of three basic Circuit Elements namely resistance, capacitance and inductance. Resistance It is the property of the material by which it opposes the flow of current through it. The resistance of element is denoted by the symbol ‘R’. Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω). The relation between
Classification of Electrical Network: The behaviour of the entire network depends on the behaviour and characteristics of its elements. Based on such characteristics electrical network can be classified as below : 1.Linear Network : A circuit or network whose parameters i.e. elements like resistances, inductances and capacitances are always constant irrespective of the change in
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Network Terminology: In this Network Terminology, we shall define some of the basic terms which are commonly associated with a network. 1.Network Any arrangement of the various electrical energy sources along with the different circuit elements is called an electrical network. Such a network is shown in the Fig. 1.1. 2.Network Element Any individual circuit
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Machine Cycle in 8085 Microprocessor: The seven Machine Cycle in 8085 Microprocessor are : Opcode Fetch Cycle Memory Read Memory Write I/O Read I/O Write Interrupt Acknowledge Bus Idle 1. Opcode Fetch Cycle: The first Machine Cycle of 8085 Microprocessor of every instruction is opcode fetch cycle in which the 8085 finds the nature of
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Instruction Cycle of 8085 Microprocessor: During normal operation, the microprocessor sequentially fetches, decodes and executes one instruction after another until a halt instruction (HLT) is executed. The fetching, decoding and execution of a single instruction constitutes an instruction cycle, which consists of one to five read or write operations between processor and memory or input/output
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8085 Pin Diagram | Functional Pin Diagram of 8085 Microprocessor: Fig. 1.3 (a) and (b) shows 8085 Pin Diagram and functional pin diagram of 8085 microprocessor respectively. The signals of 8085 Pin Diagram can be classified into seven groups according to their functions. Power supply and frequency signals. Data bus and address bus Control bus
8085 Microprocessor Architecture and its Operations: Fig. 1.1 shows the 8085 Microprocessor Architecture. It consists of various functional blocks as listed below : Registers Arithmetic and Logic Unit Instruction decoder and machine cycle encoder Address buffer Address/Data buffer Incrementer/Decrementer Address Latch Interrupt control Serial I/O control Timing and control circuitry. Registers: It has eight addressable
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