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Directional Relays

Directional Relays: Selective protection cannot be achieved with time graded overcurrent protection systems in ring or loop systems as well as in radial circuits with two end power supply. A…

Switching Regulator Operation

Switching Regulator Operation: A Switching Regulator Operation can be thought of as similar to a linear regulator, but with the series-pass transistor operating as a switch that is either off,…

Comparison of Different Biasing Circuits

Comparison of Different Biasing Circuits: The Comparison of Different Biasing Circuits of the three basic bias circuits, it must be recalled that transistor manufacturers specify maximum and minimum hFE values for…

Interlocking Components in Electrical Drives

Interlocking Components in Electrical Drives: Sensing of signals required for speed and current control loops. Sequencing and interlocking operations are explained in the previous section, whereas this section discusses components…

Power Factor Improvement Methods

Power Factor Improvement Methods: There are many drives which operate at a low power factor. Some of Power Factor Improvement Methods are: An induction motor direct on line. ac-dc diode…

Features of Traction Drives

Features of Traction Drives: Various Features of Traction Drives are: 1. Large torque is required during start and acceleration in order to accelerate the heavy mass. 2. The motor is…

Battery Powered Vehicles

Battery Powered Vehicles: Battery Powered Vehicles - These are popularly known as electric vehicles. Although several batteries and fuel cells have been developed, only available at affordable price is the…

Brushless DC Motor Drives

Brushless DC Motor Drives(Trapezoidal PMAC): The cross section of a 3-phase 2 pole Brushless DC Motor Drives is shown in Fig. 7.15. It has permanent magnet rotor with wide pole…