Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

Addressing Modes of Pentium Processor: The Addressing Modes of Pentium Processor can support the following modes, namely Register mode Immediate mode Register direct mode Direct mode Base displacement mode Base indexed mode PC relative mode The effective address can be computed as Effective address = Base Register + Index register x Scaling factor + displacement […]

Pin Diagram of Pentium Processor: The Pentium’s memory and I/O interfaces are more advanced than the simple models. They are very different from the 8086 bus interfaces. Figure 12.28(a) shows the Pentium processor and the schematic pin diagram of Pentium processor with most signals depicted in Fig. 12.28(b). The pin functions of the Pentium processor

Virtual 8086 Mode in Microprocessor: The virtual 8086 mode is a special operating mode of the Pentium processor and it is a subset of protected mode. In this mode, two 8086 application programs can be executed at the same time. During virtual 8086 mode operation, the segment registers are used in the similar way as

Linear, Logical Address and Physical Address in Microprocessor: The Linear, Logical Address and Physical Address in Microprocessor is given below Physical Address In protected mode, the Intel Architecture (IA) 32-bit processors/Pentium processors provide a usual physical address space of 232 bytes or 4 Gbytes. Therefore, the processor can address up to 4 Gbytes memory locations

What is Segmentation in Pentium Processor? What is Segmentation in Pentium Processor? – When segmentation is used in memory management of the Pentium processor, the processor’s linear address space is broken up into a set of segments. Each segment must be specified by a segment descriptor, which defines the base address of the segment, the

Operating Modes of Pentium Processor: The Pentium processor architecture supports three Operating Modes of Pentium Processor such as protected mode, real-address mode and System Management Mode (SMM) and one ‘quasi-operating mode’ or virtual-8086 mode. In this section, all Operating Modes of Pentium Processor are explained in detail. Protected Mode The protected mode is the local

Internal Architecture of Pentium Processor: The Pentium is a 32-bit processor, but it has a 32-bit address bus and a 64-bit data bus. This processor’s data bus serves the on-chip caches, but not the 32-bit registers. The internal and external data buses are connected through the caches. Figure 12.1 shows the internal architecture of Pentium

Features of 80186, 80286, 80386 and 80486 Microprocessor: Let us discuss the Features of 80186 Microprocessor, Features of 80286 Microprocessor, Features of 80386 Microprocessor, Features of 80486 Microprocessor one by one Features of 80186 Microprocessor: In 1982, the 80186 microprocessor was developed by Intel. This is an improved 8086 with several common functions built in blocks

Pin Diagram of 80486 Microprocessor: The pin diagram of 168-pin PGA (Pin Grid Array) package 80486 is shown in Fig. 11.49 and the schematic Pin Diagram of 80486 Microprocessor is depicted in Fig. 11.50. All signals of 80486 are grouped according to their functions. Some of the most important groups of signals are explained in

Architecture of 80486 Microprocessor: The 80486DX is a 32-bit processor. Figure 11.46 shows the simplified block diagram of 80486 and the inter­nal architecture of 80486 Microprocessor is depicted in Fig. 11.47. The architecture of Intel’s 80486 can be divided into three different sections such as Bus interface unit (BIU), Execution and control unit (EU), and