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Stator Protection

Stator Protection: Stator Protection - The type of stator faults likely to occur have been discussed already. The earth-fault current is usually limited by resistance in the neutral of the…

Differential Protection of Transformers

Differential Protection of Transformers: Differential Protection of Transformers is the most important type of protection used for internal phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults and is generally applied to transformers having ratings…

Transformer Protection Types

Transformer Protection Types: Nature of Transformer Faults: Power transformers, being static, totally enclosed and oil immersed develop faults only rarely but the consequences of even a rare fault may be…

Carrier Pilot Protection

Carrier Pilot Protection and Microwave Pilot Protection: The problem of providing economically an auxiliary channel by means of pilots for long lines directed attention to carrier techniques. In this case…

Pilot Wire Protection Relay

Pilot Wire Protection Relay: In this case the auxiliary Pilot Wire Protection Relay are provided to carry the information signals from one end to the other. Protective systems requiring the…

Power Swings in Power System Protection

Power Swings in Power System Protection: The impedance measured or seen by a distance relay during normal load is shown in Fig. (5.29). Normally this would be outside the tripping…

Principle of Distance Relaying

Principle of Distance Relaying: The Principle of Distance Relaying is governed by the ratio of voltage to current at the relay location and the operating time of the relay automatically…

Directional Earth Fault Relay

Directional Earth Fault Relay: In the case of Directional Earth Fault Relay the angular relationship of residual current and residual voltage is independent of the faulted phase and is governed…