Single Line to Ground Fault: Figure 11.4 shows a Single Line to Ground Fault at F in a power system through a fault impedance Zf. The phases are so labelled that the fault occurs on…
Multiply Excited Magnetic Field System: Multiply Excited Magnetic Field System - Singly-excited devices discussed earlier, are generally employed for motion through a limited distance or rotation through a prescribed angle. Electro-mechanical transducers have the special…
Improving Regulator Performance: Error Amplifier Gain - The performance of a regulator is dependent on the voltage gain of the error amplifier. A higher gain amplifier gives better line and load regulation. So, anything that…
Digital Measurement of Time: Principle of Operation of Digital Measurement of Time - The beginning of the time period is the start pulse originating from input 1, and the end of the time period is…
OTA as Programmable Resistor, Grounded Resistor and Floating Resistor: OTA as a Programmable Resistor: We may employ Ic OTA as a programmable resistor whose resistance is controlled by controlling current Ic. We can define resistance,…
Capacitance of 3 Core Cables: The Capacitance of 3 Core Cables is much more important than that of overhead line because in cables (i) conductors are nearer to each other and to the earthed sheath…
Photovoltaic Cell Working Principle and Types of Photovoltaic Cells: The Photovoltaic Cell Working Principle or solar cell, produces an electrical current when connected to a load. Both silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) types are known…
Optimal Scheduling of Hydrothermal Processes: The earlier sections have dealt with the problem of optimal scheduling of a power system with thermal plants only. Optimal operating policy in this case can be completely determined at…
Digital Communication System: Digital Communication System has several distinct advantages over analog transmission systems, but there are definite disadvantages to it as well. Because of the heavy investment in analog facilities, it will be many…
Harmonic Reduction: The output voltage waveform of an inverter is non-sinusoidal. It contains a rich harmonic content. The Harmonic Reduction cause additional losses and torque pulsations if a three phase motor is used as a…
