Waveguide Isolator and Circulators: It often happens at microwave frequencies that coupling must be strictly a one-way affair. This applies for most microwave generators, whose output amplitude and frequency could…
Waveguide Junctions: When it is required to combine two or more signals (or split a signal into two or more parts) in a waveguide system, some form of multiple junction…
Wideband Antenna Types: It is often desirable to have an antenna capable of operating over a wide frequency range. This may occur because a number of widely spaced channels are…
Noise in Communication Systems Articles: External Noise in Communication System: The various forms of External Noise in Communication System created outside the receiver are namely 1. Atmospheric Noise, 2. Extraterrestrial…
Generation of Amplitude Modulation: There are two types of devices in which it may be necessary to the Generation of Amplitude Modulation. The first of these, the AM transmitter, generates…
Noise Calculation in Electronic Communication System: The Noise Calculation in Electronic Communication System are namely, 1.Addition of Noise due to Several Sources: Let's assume there are two sources of thermal…
Protection of Alternators and Transformers Articles: Protection of Alternators: The generating units, especially the larger ones, are relatively few in number and higher in individual cost than most other equipment’s.…
Optimal System Articles: Introduction to Optimal System Operation: The optimal system operation, in general, involved the consideration of economy of operation, system security, emissions at certain fossil-fuel plants, optimal releases…