Clamping Circuit: Negative and Positive Voltage Clamping Circuits - A clamping circuit, also known as a dc restorer, changes the dc voltage level of a waveform, but does not affect its shape Consider the clamping…
Types of Power Supply in Electronics: There are two types of Power Supply in Electronics viz. dc supply and ac supply. The voltage or current available from batteries or solar cells is direct in the…
Digital Readout Oscilloscope: The Digital Readout Oscilloscope instrument has a CRT display and a counter display. The diagram shown is of an instrument where the counter measures the time (Fig. 7.29). The input waveform is…
What is Focusing Device in Cathode Ray Oscilloscope and why it is required? Because of the mutual repulsion between the electrons, the convergent beam coming out from the accelerating anode has a tendency to spread…
Inductance of 3 Phase Overhead Line: Fig. 9.8 shows the three conductors A, B and C of a Inductance of 3 Phase Overhead Line carrying currents IA, IB and IC respectively. Let d1, d2 and d3…
PLC Register: PLC Register - Let us consider a simple example and compare the ladder diagram with its real world external physically connected relay circuit. In Fig. 21.32 (a), the coil circuit will be energized when…
Load Frequency Control with Generation Rate Constraint (GRC): Load Frequency Control with Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) - The Load frequency Control problem discussed so far does not consider the effect of the restrictions on the…
Deregulation Meaning: For over one hundred years, the electric power industry worldwide operated as a regulated industry. In any area there was only one company or government agency (mostly state-owned) that produced, transmitted, distributed and…
Shifted Unit Step Function: This Shifted Unit Step Function is defined by the equation for a step function which changes abruptly at the time t = + a. In general, the step function has unit…
Equilibrium Conditions in Semiconductor Physics: The electron and hole concentrations, under thermal Equilibrium Conditions can be found by knowing the position of the Fermi energy EF with respect to the bottom of the conduction band…
