Automation Generation

Discrete Time Control System

Discrete Time Control System: The Discrete Time Control System is described by a set of linear differential equations where x, u, p are state, control and disturbance vectors respectively and A,B and Γ are constant matrices associated with the above vectors. The discrete-time behavior of the continuous-time system is modelled by the system of first

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Automatic Voltage Control

Automatic Voltage Control: Automatic Voltage Control – Figure 8.20 gives the schematic diagram of an automatic voltage regulator of a generator. It basically consists of a main exciter which excites the alternator field to control the output voltage. The exciter field is automatically controlled through error e = Vref – VT, suitably amplified through voltage

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Two Area Load Frequency Control

Two Area Load Frequency Control: Two Area Load Frequency Control – An extended power system can be divided into a number of Two Area Load Frequency Control areas interconnected by means of tie lines. Without loss of generality we shall consider a two-area case connected by a single tie line as illustrated in Fig. 8.13.

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Proportional Plus Integral Control

Proportional Plus Integrated Control

Proportional Plus Integral Control: Proportional Plus Integral Control – It is seen from the earlier discussion that with the speed governing system installed on each machine, the steady load frequency characteristic for a given speed changer setting has considerable droop, e.g. for the system being used for the illustration above, the steady state droop in

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