Bus Bar Arrangement in Power Station: When a number of generators or feeders operating at the same voltage have to be directly connected electrically, bus-bars are used as the common electrical component. Bus-bars are copper…
n Stage Cascaded Amplifier: As already discussed, several amplifier stages are usually cascaded to increase the overall voltage gain of the amplifier. However, sometimes cascading is done to obtain the desired output and input impedance…
Frequency Modulation Recording: When a more accurate response to dc voltages is required, an Frequency Modulation Recording system is generally used. In this FM system, the input signal is used to frequency modulate a carrier,…
RC High Pass Circuit as Differentiator: RC High Pass Circuit as Differentiator - A circuit that gives an output voltage proportional to the derivaÂtive of its input, is known as a Differentiator circuit. Figure 29.1 shows…
Instrumentation Amplifier Circuit Working: Circuit Operation - At first glance, the Instrumentation Amplifier Circuit Working in Fig. 14-28 looks complex, but when considered section by section it is found to be quite simple. First, note…
Forced Cooling in Transformer: Forced Cooling in Transformer - For transformer sizes beyond 5 MVA additional cooling would be needed which is achieved by supplementing the tank surface by a separate radiator in which oil…
Distance Protection: Both time-graded and pilot-wire system are not suitable for the protection of very long high voltage transmission lines. The former gives an unduly long time delay in fault clearance at the generating station…
Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) - Construction, Symbols and Operation: Depending upon the majority charge carriers, Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) have been classified into two types, namely (i) N-channel JFETs with electrons as the…
Negative Sequence Protection of Generator against Unbalanced Loads: If, owing to a fault, there is an imbalance in the three-phase stator currents, double frequency currents are induced in the rotor core. This causes overheating of…
Nature of Electric Supply: The nature of electric supply available may be 3-phase ac, single-phase ac or dc. In case three-phase ac supply is available, polyphase induction motor, squirrel cage type for small ratings and…