Translay System: This system is the modified form of voltage-balance system. Although the principle of balanced (opposed) voltages is retained, it differs from the above voltage-balance system in that the balance or opposition is between…
Ward Leonard Method of Speed Control: Known after the name of its inventor Ward Leonard Method of Speed Control (1891), it consists of a separately excited generator feeding the dc motor to be controlled. The…
Two Stage Differential Amplifier with Negative Feedback: The circuit shown in Fig. 13-20 has a Two Stage Differential Amplifier with Negative Feedback with npn BJTs, and a direct-coupled pnp transistor differential amplifier second stage. The…
Pulse Code Modulation(PCM): Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) is different from the other forms of pulse modulation studied so far, PCM also uses sampling techniques, but it differs from the others in that it is a digital…
Heterojunction Lasers - Definition, Construction, Working, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications: The device described in previous section was the first type employed in the early development of semiconductor lasers. It is known as an homojunction laser…
What is Sampling Oscilloscope?: An ordinary Sampling Oscilloscope has a B.W. of 10 MHz. The HF performance can be improved by means of sampling the input waveform and reconstructing its shape from the sample, i.e.…
What is Bleeder Resistor? - Working and Its Functions The operation of an inductor filter is based on the fact that a minimum current flows through it at all times. To provide flow of this…
Frequency Domain Representation: Frequency Domain Representation - A very important representation of discrete time systems can be obtained in terms of sinusoidal or complex-exponential signals. This is possible because the linear shift invariant systems have…
Wheatstone Bridge Diagram: A Wheatstone Bridge diagram in its simplest form consists of a network of four resistance arms forming a closed circuit, with a dc source of current applied to two opposite junctions and…
Processing of Semiconductor Materials: Preparation of Silicon and Germanium - Silicon is one of the commonest elements on earth. It occurs as silicon dioxide (SiO2) and as silicates; mixtures of silicon and other materials. Germanium…
