Recursive and Non Recursive Realisation: In recursive realisations, the present output value depends on the input (past and present values), as well as the previous value of the output. It can usually be recognized by the presence of both a and b terms in the input and output relationship [Eq. (15.79)]. The recursive realisation is …
CT Scan Working Principle: CT Scan Working Principle – Biomedicine is one area in which the use of digital signal processing techniques had had great impact. Computer tomography A recent advance in diagnostic analysis is represented by computer tomography (CT) scanning. While in standard radiography (X-rays) a 3-dimensional object (part of the body) is represented …
Modern Radar Systems Analysis: Modern Radar System are of great importance for both military and civil applications. The main problem of a typical radar system is the detection of return pulses; this substantially corresponds to determining the presence or absence of a pulse in noise. For such radar systems, the band width is usually chosen …
Bandpass Analysis: There exist many practical situations in which multiple filtering and band pass analysis are required. In multiple filtering, one specific operation (for example low pass, high pass, band pass, etc.) is required to be performed on many signal channels presented as input data, e.g. in multiplex systems. In band pass analysis, many Bandpass …
Typical Digital Filtering Operations: Digital filters in fact can be applied in many different parts of a signal and image processing transmission system. Two typical examples of systems in which Typical Digital Filtering Operations can be inserted are Local digital processing systems (Fig. 15.42), and Digital communication system (Fig. 15.43) In the first system of …
Digital Filtering Processor: The implementation of any digital filtering consists of a series of multiplications of samples of the input and/or output signals by constants, and of the additions of these products. Thus the main building blocks which have to be present in digital filtering hardware are the following: Memory cells Adders Multipliers A programming …
IIR Filter Design 1-D: In this section some practical considerations relating to the methods for the design of IIR Filter Design filters are presented. In particular, the bilinear transform is considered along with its application to the digitization of rational transfer functions of classical analog filters defined on the s-plane or in the framework of …
IIR Digital Filter Design Methods: IIR Digital Filter Design Methods – Fettveis first suggested the use of one port reflection coefficients for the tranfer of analog filter properties from the analog domain to the digital filter domain, and thus produced the wave digital filter structure. Transformation of Passive Ladder Filter The reason why reflection coefficients …
FIR 1-D Digital Filter Design (The Window Method): We describe the Fourier series technique as the first design method of 1-D FIR digital filters [Eq. (15.83)]. In this Digital Filter Design Window Method, given a frequency function H(ejω) with period 2π, an FIR Digital Filter Design Window Method with a transfer function corresponding to H(ejω) can be …
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Fast Fourier Transform Formula: The Fast Fourier Transform Formula is a computational tool which facilitates signal analysis, such as power spectrum analysis and filter simulation using digital computers. In digital analysis of signals, the continuous waveform to be analysed is first sampled and then converted to digits that represent the amplitude of the samples. The …