PLC Register: PLC Register - Let us consider a simple example and compare the ladder diagram with its real world external physically connected relay circuit. In Fig. 21.32 (a), the coil circuit will be energized when…
Impedance Diagram: Impedance Diagram is a complex quantity having real and imaginary parts; where the real part is the resistance and the imaginary part is the reactance of the circuit. Consider the RL series circuit…
Application of 3 Phase System: In a Application of 3 Phase System, a wide variety of faults can occur, i.e. phase to phase, phase to earth, 2 phase to earth and 3 phase fault, various…
Loop Tests in Underground Cables: There are several methods for locating the faults in underground cables. However, two popular methods known as Loop Tests in Underground Cables are : Murray loop test Varley loop test…
Wideband Antenna Types: It is often desirable to have an antenna capable of operating over a wide frequency range. This may occur because a number of widely spaced channels are used, as in short-wave transmission…
Generation of Impulse Current Generator Output Waveform: Lightning discharges involve both high voltage impulses and high current impulses on transmission lines. Protective gear like surge diverters have to discharge the lightning currents without damage. Therefore,…
Inductance of Single Phase Two Wire Line: Inductance of Single Phase Two Wire Line - Consider a simple Two Wire Line composed of solid round conductors carrying currents I1 and I2 as shown in Fig.…
EMF and Torque Equation of DC Machine: EMF and Torque Equation of DC Machine - It was shown in Sec. 5.2 (Fig. 5.14 (a)) that in a dc machine the magnetic structure is such that…
Platinum Thin Film RTD Sensors: Platinum Thin Film RTD Sensors are manufactured by a very thin layer of platinum in suitable pattern to achieve smaller dimension and higher resistance, on a ceramic base. The deposition…
Gas Metal Arc Welding - Working Principle, Advantages and Applications: It is a gas shielded, gas metal arc welding process which uses the intense heat of an electric arc between a continuously fed, consumable electrode…
