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IC 723 Voltage Regulator: The popular general purpose precision regulator is IC 723. It is a monolithic linear integrated circuit in different physical packages. The pin diagram of IC 723 Voltage Regulator along with the various packages is shown in the Fig. 2.109 (a), (b) and (c). Features of IC 723: It works as voltage […]

Astable Multivibrator Using IC 555: Fig. 2.105 shows the operation of Astable Multivibrator using 555 Timer IC. The threshold input is connected to the trigger input. Two external resistances RA, RB and a capacitor C is used in the circuit. This circuit has no stable state. The circuits changes its state alternately. Hence the operation

Monostable Multivibrator Using IC 555: The IC 555 timer can be operated as a Monostable Multivibrator Using IC 555 by connecting an external resistor and a capacitor as shown in the Fig. 2.102. The circuit has only one stable state. When trigger is applied, it produces a pulse at the output and returns back to

555 Timer Circuit: The timer IC 555 Timer Circuit is most versatile linear integrated device introduced by Signetics corporation in early 1970. It is basically a monolithic timer circuit which can be used in many applications such as monostable and astable multivibrators, linear ramp generator, missing pulse detector, pulse width modulator etc. The IC 555

Wien Bridge Oscillator using Op Amp: This is also RC oscillator which uses RC type of feedback network. The main difference between phase shift and Wien bridge oscillator is that the R-C phase shift oscillator introduces 180° phase shift during the amplifier stage, while Wien bridge oscillator uses a non-inverting amplifier. So in Wien bridge

RC Phase Shift Oscillator Using Op amp: RC Phase Shift Oscillator basically consists of an amplifier and a feedback network consisting of resistors and capacitors arranged in ladder fashion. Hence such an oscillator is also called Ladder Type RC Phase Shift Oscillator. Basic RC Circuit: To understand the operation of this Oscillator, let us study

Triangular Wave Generator Using Op amp: We have seen that, the output of integrator is a Triangular Wave Generator Using Op amp if its input is a square wave. This means that a Triangular Wave Generator Using Op amp can be formed by simply connecting an integrator to the square wave generator as shown in the

Square Wave Generator Using Op amp: The Square Wave Generator Using Op amp means the astable multivibrator circuit using op-amp, which generates the square wave of required frequency. The Fig. 2.83 shows the square wave generator using op amp. It looks like a comparator with hysteresis (schmitt trigger), except that the input voltage is replaced

Second Order High Pass Butterworth Filters: The second order high pass Butterworth filters produces a gain roll off at the rate of + 40 dB/decade in the stop band. This filter also can be realized by interchanging the positions of resistors and capacitors in a second order low pass Butterworth filters. The Fig. 2.81 shows

First Order High Pass Butterworth Filter: As mentioned earlier, a high pass filter is a circuit that attenuates all the signals below a specified cut off frequency denoted as fL. Thus, a high pass filter performs the opposite function to that of low pass filter. Hence, the First Order High Pass Butterworth Filter circuit can