What is a Photometer and Photometry? - Working Principle and Types: The candle power of a source in any given direction is measured by comparison with a standard or substandard source employing photometer bench and…
What is a Photodiode?: A reverse biased Semiconductor diode passes only a very small leakage current (a fraction of 1μA in silicon diodes), if the junction is exposed to light. Under illumination, however, the current…
What is a Floating Point Number? The real numbers considered so far were represented in what is known as fixed point notation. In such notation, the position of the decimal is fixed for a fixed…
What is a Filter Circuit?: A network designed to attenuate certain frequencies but pass others without attenuation is called a filter. A filter circuit thus possesses at least one pass band, which is a band…
What is a Digital Integrated Circuit? In an integrated circuit, components such as diodes, transistors, resistors, inductors etc. are integral parts of the chip. And on surface of this chip, which is very small piece…
What is a Digital Instrument?: Digital instrument are rapidly replacing their analog counterparts. The parameters of interest in a laboratory environment are (i) voltage (ii) current (iii) power (iv) frequency, and (v) logic. We shall…
What is a Cooling Tower? - Types of Cooling Tower Cooling Tower is used to cool the water, and its height is about 140 Meters. The hot water is to pumped the tower top and…
What are the Essential Components of an Oscillator? The Essential Components of an Oscillator are namely, Oscillatory circuit or frequency determining element. Amplifier. Positive feedback network. The oscillatory circuit or a frequency-determining element can be…
What are Passive Filters?: Passive filters are mainly networks using inductors, capacitors and resistors. The classical theory employed was based on the image parameter theory which in turn was based on the filter's characteristics and…
Wein Bridge Oscillator using Op Amp: The Wein bridge is an ac bridge that balances only at a particular supply frequency. In the Wein Bridge Oscillator using Op Amp (Fig. 16-10), a Wein bridge circuit…
