Fabrication of Integrated Circuits:

Basic Planar Processes in IC Fabrication : The Basic Planar Processes in IC Fabrication are as listed below. (1) Crystal growth and wafer preparation,(2)Epitaxial growth,(3)Oxidation,(4)Lithography,(5)Reactive plasma …


Diffusion Process in IC Fabrication : Diffusion is the oldest technique used to add impurity into the Substrate. The main aim of thee Diffusion process …


Fabrication of Monolithic IC : The cross-sectional view of an Fabrication of Monolithic IC and discrete planar transistor are as shown in the Fig. 1.17 …


Fabrication of PNP Transistor in Integrated Circuit : There are different ways of Fabrication of PNP Transistor in Integrated Circuit. The important means of integrating …


Integrated Capacitors : Integrated Capacitors – The common parallel plate capacitor structures are as shown in the Fig. 1.24. In most widely used type shown in …


Integrated Circuit Packaging Process : After completing all the fabrication processes, several chips are ready on a wafer. Each of the chip is nothing but …


Integrated Circuits Classification : Depending upon the functional utility, the Integrated Circuits Classification are classified as linear ICs and digital ICs. From the point of …


Integrated Circuits Introduction : Integrated Circuits Introduction referred as microelectronics, is the result of continued improvements in the characteristics and miniaturizations employed in solid state …


Integrated Resistor : In Integrated Resistor circuit design, the importance is given to the maximum usage of transistors. For example digital CMOS, nMOS and GaAs …


Ion Implantation Process in IC Fabrication : As we know, the conductivity of the semiconductor increases when small impurity is added to it. The process …


Lithography Process : Lithography Process is used to produce a multiple image on the resists which covers the wafer. A lithographic process can be realised …


Metallization Process  | Types of Metallization | Applications: Metallization Process in which a thin layer of metal is formed which is used to make …


Molecular Beam Epitaxy : The molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is based on evaporation. In MBE, the film is evaporated and deposited one layer at a …


Monolithic Diodes : Monolithic Diodes – The fabrication of diode is very straight forward. Generally any two terminals of the transistor are connected together to …


Oxidation : Oxidation is very important process in the IC fabrication. In one line, oxidation can be explained as the production of Si02 using the …


Reactive Plasma Etching : The reactive plasma is the discharge in which gases ionized producing chemically active species, oxidizers, reagents. The plasma is reactive in …


Types of Field Effect Transistor : In general, Three Types of Field Effect Transistor are namely, Junction field effect transistor (JFET) Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor …


Vapour Phase Epitaxy Process : In chemical vapour deposition (CVD), the film is formed on the surface of the substrate by thermal decomposition and or …


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