Wheatstone Bridge Diagram: A Wheatstone Bridge diagram in its simplest form consists of a network of four resistance arms forming a closed circuit, with a dc source of current applied…
pH Measurement Methods: pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the active hydrogen ion. It is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. The pH…
Transistor Tester and its characteristics: The term Transistor Tester (or analyser) used in this text is for instruments giving quantative measurements of transistor parameters. The tester should be able to…
Automatic Bridge Circuit: The bridges discussed so far require that the controls be adjusted for balance after each capacitor (or other devices being tested) is connected to the bridge. In…
RX Meter Circuit in Measuring Instruments: An RX Meter Circuit in Measuring Instruments is used to measure the separate resistive and reactive components of a parallel Z network. It is…
Vector Impedance Meter (Direct Reading): If some knowledge of the reactive and resistive factors is needed, in addition to obtaining a direct reading of the magnitude of the impedance (Z),…
Output Power Meter Working Principle: The Output Power Meter Working Principle is designed to directly measure the output power in an arbitrary load. The instrument provides a set of resistive…
Spectrum Analyzer Block Diagram: Spectrum Analyzer Block Diagram - The most common way of observing signals is to display them on an oscilloscope, with time as the X-axis (i.e. amplitude…