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PLC Structure

PLC Structure: The PLC Structure mainly consists of a CPU, memory areas, and appropriate circuits to receive input/output data as shown in Fig. 21.22. A PLC can be considered as…

Cascade Control

Cascade Control with Digital Controllers: A simplified system to control the temperature of a process employing a gas burner using two Cascade Control digital controllers is shown in Fig. 21.21.…

Choice of Electronic Signal Transmission

Choice of Electronic Signal Transmission: The range of air pressure used for Signal Transmission in pneumatic system is limited by the dynamic operating range of the pneumatic devices used. But…

On Off Controller

On Off Controller or Two Position Controller: The On Off Controller or two position controller is the simplest, cheapest and the most used controllers. It is used in domestic heating…

Basic Automatic Control

Basic Automatic Control: Multivariable systems are used more commonly in this age of Basic Automatic Control. Control parameters are becoming more complex by the day and the range of applications…

Standing Wave Ratio Measurements

Standing Wave Ratio Measurements: Standing wave are created along the length of a transmission line due to the mismatch between the characteristic impedance Z0 and the terminating impedance of the…

Heat Capacity of Calorimeter

Heat Capacity of Calorimeter: Heat Capacity of Calorimeter - RF power may be directly converted into heat. Water acts as the load, and RF power may be used to heat…

Bolometer

Bolometer: Bolometric measurements are based on the dissipation of RF power in a small temperature sensitive resistive element, called a Bolometer. This bolometer may be a short ultra thin wire…