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Bolometer

Bolometer: Bolometric measurements are based on the dissipation of RF power in a small temperature sensitive resistive element, called a Bolometer. This bolometer may be a short ultra thin wire…

Pulse Amplitude Modulation

Pulse Amplitude Modulation(PAM): Pulse Amplitude Modulation(PAM) is the simplest form of Pulse Modulation. It is shown in Fig. 18.7. PAM is a pulse modulation system in which the signal is…

Weighted Converter Using Transistor Switches

Weighted Converter Using Transistor Switches (Current Switch): Figure 17.19 (a) shows a circuit diagram of a weighted converter, using transistor switches. When the D bit is high (logic 1), it…

Ladder Type Converter D/A

Ladder Type Converter D/A: Looking into any load from the left side we always see a resistor R. Similarly looking from the right side for any load, one always sees…

Single Channel Data Acquisition System

Single Channel Data Acquisition System: A Single Channel Data Acquisition System consists of a signal conditioner followed by an analog to digital (A/D) converter, performing repetitive conversions at a free…

Signal Conditioning System

Signal Conditioning System: Signal Conditioning System - The measurand, which is basically a physical quantity, is detected by the first stage of the instrumentation or measurement system. The first stage…

Electrical Transducer

Electrical Transducer: A transducer is defined as a device that receives energy from one system and transmits it to another, often in a different form. Broadly defined, the transducer is…

Null Type Recorder Working Principle

Null Type Recorder: These Null Type Recorder Working Principle of self-balancing or null conditions. When an input is given to the measuring circuit of the recorder from a sensor or transducer,…