What is a Digital Integrated Circuit? In an integrated circuit, components such as diodes, transistors, resistors, inductors etc. are integral parts of the chip. And on surface of this chip,…
Transistor approximation (Ideal, Second and Higher): An NPN transistor is shown in Fig. 10.71 (a). Voltage appearing across the emitter diode is denoted by VBE and that appearing across the…
Transistor Lead Identification and Testing: Transistor Lead Identification and Testing - After the transistor has been manufactured, as already discussed, leads of, typically, gold, aluminium, or nickel are then attached…
Ebers Moll Model for PNP Transistor: Device modelling aims at relating physical device parameters to device terminal characteristics. Device modelling is especially important for integrated circuits, since simple and accurate…
Important Points Regarding Working of Transistors: The noteworthy points regarding working of transistors are summarized below. 1. Current conduction in N-P-N transistor is by electrons and the conventional current flow…
What is Transistor Biasing? - Types of Biasing As already mentioned, for normal operation of a transistor emitter-base junction is always forward biased and collector-base junction is always reverse biased.…
Three Phase Rectifiers: Three-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier : Figure 9.11 illustrates a circuit for a 3-phase half-wave rectifier. The three diodes are connected to the three phases of a 3-phase transformer…
What is Surge Current? - Definition and Workings Before switching on of power supply, the filter capacitor is uncharged [Fig. 9.23]. At the instant the power supply is switched on,…