Characteristics of Rate of Rise of Restriking Voltage: The important Characteristics of Rate of Rise of Restriking Voltage which affect the circuit breaker performance are: amplitude factor, rate of rise…
General Methods of Testing Protective Gear: The General Methods of Testing Protective Gear are namely, Primary Injection, Secondary Injection, Measurement of Time, Primary Injection: These tests are limited by the…
Stator Protection: Stator Protection - The type of stator faults likely to occur have been discussed already. The earth-fault current is usually limited by resistance in the neutral of the…
Restricted Earth Fault Protection: This type of Restricted Earth Fault Protection is provided to detect earth-faults within the protected zone of the transformer. A CT is fitted in each connection…
Carrier Pilot Protection and Microwave Pilot Protection: The problem of providing economically an auxiliary channel by means of pilots for long lines directed attention to carrier techniques. In this case…
Directional Earth Fault Relay: In the case of Directional Earth Fault Relay the angular relationship of residual current and residual voltage is independent of the faulted phase and is governed…
Overcurrent Protection of Feeders: Overcurrent relays offer the cheapest and the simplest protection for lines. The maximum load currents must be known to determine whether the ratio of the minimum…
Differential Relay Application: The principle of operation depends on a simple circulating current principle where the difference of the currents of the two CTs flows through the relay under normal…