Capacitance Formula: Capacitance Formula is given by any two conducting surfaces separated by an insulating medium exhibit the property of a capacitor. The conducting surfaces are called electrodes, and the…
Temperature Controls using an Analog Electronic Controller: A Temperature Controls scheme using an Analog Electronic Controller of Fig. 21.14 is as shown in Fig. 21.16. The temperature setting, derived from a slide…
Bolometer: Bolometric measurements are based on the dissipation of RF power in a small temperature sensitive resistive element, called a Bolometer. This bolometer may be a short ultra thin wire…
Electric Field Stress: Electric Field Stress - In modern times, high voltages are used for a wide variety of applications covering the power systems, industry, and research laboratories. Such applications…
Magnetic Flow Meters: Magnetic Flow Meters are the first type of flowmeters to be considered for high corrosive applications and for applications involving measurement of erosive slurries. These meters work…
Flow Measurement (Mechanical Transducers): The measurement of flow rate and quantity is the oldest of all measurements of process variables in the field of instrumentation. It is used to determine…
Photoelectric Transducer Working Principle: Photoelectric Transducer can be categorized as photo emissive, photo-conductive or photo-voltaic. In photo emissive devices, radiation falling on a cathode causes electrons to be emitted from…
pH Measurement Methods: pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the active hydrogen ion. It is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. The pH…