Regulated and Unregulated Power Supply: Almost all electronic devices used in electronic circuits need a dc source of power to operate. The source of dc power is used to establish…
TTL Characteristics and other TTL Series: The first time standard TTL ICs were introduced by Taxas Instruments Corporation. They introduced 54 and 74 series, which were widely used as IC…
Integrated Injection Logic (IIL or I2L) Circuit: It is the latest entry into the bipolar saturated logic field. It uses no biasing and loading resistors at all. Resistors require lot…
What is Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) Circuit? Emitter coupled logic (ECL) is the fastest of all logic families and, therefore, is employed in applications where very high speed is essential.…
What is a Digital Integrated Circuit? In an integrated circuit, components such as diodes, transistors, resistors, inductors etc. are integral parts of the chip. And on surface of this chip,…
Determination of h Parameters from Static Characteristics: Functional relationships for the CE configuration of total instantaneous collector current and base voltage in terms of two variables (base current and collector…
Experimental Determination of Hybrid Parameters: Determination of hybrid parameters of a general linear circuit has already been discussed. For determination of hybrid parameters for a CE transistor, consider the circuits…
Early Effect and Base Width Modulation: In active region, the emitter-base (EB) junction is forward biased and collector-base (CB) junction is reverse biased, so the barrier width at EB junction…