Universal Counter Timer: All measurements of time period and frequency by various circuits can be assembled together to form one complete block, called a Universal Counter Timer. The universal counter uses logic gates which are…
Digital Measurement of Time: Principle of Operation of Digital Measurement of Time - The beginning of the time period is the start pulse originating from input 1, and the end of the time period is…
Digital Frequency Meter: Principle of Operation of Digital Frequency Meter - The signal waveform is converted to trigger pulses and applied continuously to an AND gate, as shown in Fig. 6.4. A pulse of 1…
Working Principle of Digital Multimeter: Analog meters require no power supply, they give a better visual indication of changes and suffer less from electric noise and isolation problems. These meters are simple and inexpensive. Digital…
What is a Digital Instrument?: Digital instrument are rapidly replacing their analog counterparts. The parameters of interest in a laboratory environment are (i) voltage (ii) current (iii) power (iv) frequency, and (v) logic. We shall…
Microprocessor Based Ramp Type DVM: A basic block diagram of a Microprocessor Based Ramp Type DVM and its operating waveform is shown in Fig. 5.17 (a) and (b) respectively. Depending on the command fed to…
Continuous Balance DVM: Continuous Balance DVM - The basic block diagram of a servo balancing potentiometer type DVM is shown in Fig. 5.15. The input voltage is applied to one side of a mechanical chopper…
Successive Approximation Type DVM: The Successive Approximation Type DVM principle can be easily understood using a simple example; the determination of the weight of an object. By using a balance and placing the object on…
Principles of ADC (Analog to Digital Conversion): Principles of ADC - The input signal is compared with an internally generated voltage which is increased in steps starting from zero. The number of steps needed to…
Integrating Type DVM (Voltage to Frequency Conversion): The principle of operation of an Integrating Type DVM is illustrated in Fig. 5.5. A constant input voltage is integrated and the slope of the output ramp is…
