Voltmeters and Multimeters:

AC Voltmeter using Half wave Rectifier : AC Voltmeter using Half wave Rectifier – If a diode D1 is added to the dc voltmeter, as shown in Fig. 4.18, we have an …


AC Voltmeter using Rectifiers : AC Voltmeter using Rectifiers – Rectifier type instruments generally use a PMMC movement along with a rectifier arrangement. Silicon diodes are preferred because of their low reverse …


Average Responding Voltmeter : A simplified version of a circuit used in a typical average responding voltmeter is given in Fig. 4.23. The applied waveform is amplified in a high gain stabilised amplifier …


Chopper type DC Amplifier Voltmeter (Microvoltmeter): Chopper type DC Amplifier Voltmeter the dc input voltage is converted into an ac voltage, amplified by an ac amplifier and then converted back into a …


Considerations in Choosing an Analog Voltmeter : In Considerations in Choosing an Analog Voltmeter the following factors are to be considered. Input Impedance The input impedance or resistance of the voltmeter should be as …


DC Meter : The most commonly used dc meter is based on the fundamental principle of the motor. The motor action is produced by the flow of a small amount of current …


DC Standard Difference Voltmeter : DC Standard Difference Voltmeter – A basic dc standard differential voltmeter can be operated in different modes. The three basic modes of operation are (i) as a …


Differential Voltmeter : The Differential Voltmeter technique, is one of the most common and accurate methods of measuring unknown voltages. In this technique, the voltmeter is used to indicate the difference between …


Multimeter : A multimeter is basically a PMMC meter. To measure dc current the meter acts as an ammeter with a low series resistance. Range changing is accomplished by shunts in such a …


Multirange Ohmmeter : The Multirange Ohmmeter circuit shown in Fig. 4.28 (a) is only for a single range of resistance measurement. To measure resistance over a wide range of values, we need …


Series Type Ohmmeter : Series Type Ohmmeter – A D’ Arsonval movement is connected in series with a resistance R1 and a battery which is connected to a pair of terminals A …


Solid State Voltmeter : Solid State Voltmeter – Figure 4.13 shows the circuit of an electronic voltmeter using an IC OpAmp 741C. This is a directly coupled very high gain amplifier. The …


Transistor Voltmeter (TVM): Transistor Voltmeter – Direct coupled amplifiers are economical and hence used widely in general purpose low priced VTVM’ s. Figure 4.9 gives a simplified schematic diagram of a dc …


True RMS Voltmeter : True RMS Voltmeter – Complex waveform are most accurately measured with an rms voltmeter. This instrument produces a meter indication by sensing waveform heating power, which is proportional …


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