Optoelectronic Devices Articles: Light Units: The total light energy output, or luminous flux (Φs), from a source can be measured in milliwatts (mW) or in lumens (1m), where 1 Im…
Solar Energy Conversion Diagram: The Solar Energy Conversion Diagram, or solar energy converter, is essentially a large photodiode designed to operate solely as a photovoltaic device and to give as…
Linear and Switching Voltage Regulators Articles: Transistor Series Voltage Regulator: When a low power zener diode is used in the simple Transistor Series Voltage Regulator, the load current is limited…
IC Controller for Switching Regulators: The functional block diagram of a MC34063 integrated circuit controller is shown in Fig. 17-38. This IC is designed to be used as a variable…
Switching Regulator Operation: A Switching Regulator Operation can be thought of as similar to a linear regulator, but with the series-pass transistor operating as a switch that is either off,…
Energy Conservation in Electrical Drives Articles: Energy Losses in Electrical Drive System: Energy conservation in electrical drive is achieved by reduction of losses in its various parts. Typical Energy Losses…
Traction Drives Articles: Electric Traction Services: Electric Traction Services can be broadly classified as: Electric Trains. Electric buses, trams (or tramways) and trolleys. Battery driven and solar powered vehicles. Electric…
Synchronous Motor and Brushless DC Motor Drives Articles: Synchronous Motors Types: Commonly used Synchronous Motors Types are: wound field, permanent magnet, synchronous reluctance and hysteresis motors. All these motors have…