Voltage Source and Current Source: According to their terminal Voltage Current Characteristics, electrical Sources of Energy are categorized into ideal voltage source and current source. Further they can be divided…
PLC Hardware Components: 1. PLC Hardware Components - The input and output interface modules consists of an I/0 rack and individual I/O modules. Input interface modules, accept signals from the…
AC Input: The, ac input modules that are commonly available work with 24, 48, 110 and 220 V. It is important to use the one that fits the needs based…
DC Inputs: The, dc inputs modules commonly available will work with 5, 12, 24 and 48 volts. The DC Inputs modules allow us to connect either PNP (sourcing) or NPN (sinking)…
Timer: Timer is an instruction that waits a set amount of time before doing something. The different kinds of timers are available with different manufacturers. Most of the timers are:…
PLC Structure: The PLC Structure mainly consists of a CPU, memory areas, and appropriate circuits to receive input/output data as shown in Fig. 21.22. A PLC can be considered as…
Analog Electronics Process Controllers: An Analog Electronics Process Controllers must be capable of providing one or more of the three main methods of control, namely, Proportional, Integral and Derivative. The…
Delta Modulation(DM): Delta modulation(DM) is process of modulation in which train of fixed width pulses is transmitted. Their polarity indicates whether the demodulator output should rise or fall at each…