Pulse Code Modulation(PCM): Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) is different from the other forms of pulse modulation studied so far, PCM also uses sampling techniques, but it differs from the others in…
Pulse Width Modulation(PWM): Pulse width modulation of PTM is also often called Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM). In this system, shown in Fig. 18.8, we have a fixed amplitude and starting…
Nonlinear Distortion Measurements: One of the methods of Nonlinear Distortion Measurements consists of simultaÂneously applying two sinusoidal voltages of different frequencies to the amplifier input and observing the sum, difference…
Op Amp Comparator Circuit: Op Amp Comparator Circuit - In the opamp applications discussed so far, the amplifiers use negative feedback. Under normal conditions, when negative feedback is used in…
Differentiator using Op Amp: A Differentiator using Op Amp circuit that performs the mathematical operation of differÂentiation. It produces an output voltage proportional to slope of the input voltÂage. A…
Integrator using Op Amp: An Integrator is a circuit that performs the mathematical operation of integraÂtion because it produces an output voltage that is proportional to the integral of the…
Beat Frequency Oscillator (BFO) | Block Diagram | Working and Limitations: In this Beat Frequency Oscillator, the outputs of two RF oscillators are applied to a square law detector and…
Digital Phase Meter Block Diagram and Working Principle: Digital Phase Meter - The simplest technique to measure the phase difference between two signals employs two flip-flops. The signals to be…