Pilot Wire Protection Relay: In this case the auxiliary Pilot Wire Protection Relay are provided to carry the information signals from one end to the other. Protective systems requiring the…
Audio Power Amplifier using IC Amplifier Driver: The LM391 integrated circuit Audio Power Amplifier using IC Amplifier Driver contains amplification and driver stages for controlling an externally-connected Class-AB output stage…
Operational Amplifier Frequency Response Articles: Operational Amplifier Circuit Stability: Loop Gain and Loop Phase Shift – Consider the inverting amplifier circuit and waveforms in Fig. 15-Â1(a). The signal voltage voltage…
Power Supply Decoupling: Power Supply Decoupling - High-power amplifiers require high supply current levels, so unregulated power supplies are often employed to avoid the power wasted in a series regulator.…
Load Capacitance Effect: Capacitance connected at the output of an operational amplifier is termed Load Capacitance Effect (CL). Figure 15-20 shows that CLÂ is in series with the op-amp output resistance…
Stray Capacitance Effects: Stray Capacitance Effects (Cs) at the input terminals of an operational amplifier effectively introduces an additional phase-lag network in the feedback loop, (see Fig. 15-17), thus making…
Wideband Antenna Types: It is often desirable to have an antenna capable of operating over a wide frequency range. This may occur because a number of widely spaced channels are…
Sensors and Transducers: The definition of Sensors and Transducers are follows, The input quantity for most instrumentation systems is nonelectrical. In order to use electrical methods and techniques for measurement, the…