Integrated Circuit Components: The Integrated Circuit Components are namely, Transistors and Diodes: The epitaxial planar diffusion process described already is normally employed for the manufacture of IC transistors and diodes. Collector,…
Transistor Models and Parameters: T-Equivalent Circuit - Because a transistor consists of two pn-junctions with a common centre block, it should be possible to use two pn-junction ac equivalent circuits…
AC Load Line of BJT: AC Equivalent Circuits - Capacitors behave as short-circuits to ac signals, so in the ac equivalent circuit for a transistor circuit all capacitors must be…
Coupling and Bypassing Capacitors: Coupling Capacitors - To use a transistor circuit to amplify or otherwise process an ac signal, the signal source must be connected to the circuit input.…
Biasing Transistor Switching Circuits: Direct-Coupled Switching Circuit - When a transistor is used as a Biasing Transistor Switching Circuits, it is either biased off to IC = 0, or biased…
Voltage Divider Bias Circuit: Circuit Operation - Voltage Divider Bias Circuit, also known as emitter current bias, is the most stable of the three basic transistor bias circuits. A voltage…
Clamping Circuit: Negative and Positive Voltage Clamping Circuits - A clamping circuit, also known as a dc restorer, changes the dc voltage level of a waveform, but does not affect…
Zener Diode Voltage Regulator Circuit: Regulator Circuit With No Load - The most important application of Zener Diode Voltage Regulator Circuit is dc voltage regulator circuits. These can be the…