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Null Type Recorder Working Principle

Null Type Recorder: These Null Type Recorder Working Principle of self-balancing or null conditions. When an input is given to the measuring circuit of the recorder from a sensor or transducer, it upsets the balance of the measuring circuit, producing an error voltage which operates some other device, which in turn restores the balance or brings […]

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pH Measurement Methods

pH Measurement Methods: pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the active hydrogen ion. It is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. The pH scale runs from 0 – 14, with pH 7, the neutral point, being the pH of pure water at 25°C. The lower the pH value,

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Microprocessor Based Instruments

Microprocessor Based Instruments

Microprocessor Based Instruments: Microprocessor Based Instruments – Digital instruments are designed around digital logic circuits without memory. The use of microprocessors as an integral part of measuring instruments has given rise to a whole new class of instruments, called intelligent instruments. Figure 6.28 shows a block diagram of a microprocessor based impedance measuring instrument. The

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Digital Frequency Meter

Digital Frequency Meter: Principle of Operation of Digital Frequency Meter – The signal waveform is converted to trigger pulses and applied continuously to an AND gate, as shown in Fig. 6.4. A pulse of 1 s is applied to the other terminal, and the number of pulses counted during this period indicates the frequency. The

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Incandescent Display using 16 Segment

Incandescent Display

Incandescent Display using 16 Segment: Incandescent Display has been a basic process of light generation for several decades. This process is now down in fully integrated electronic displays. Incandescent display using 16 segment as well as 5 x 7 dot matrix formats fabricated using thin film micro electronics are now available for alphanumeric characters. Such

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Voltage Stability Analysis

Voltage Stability Analysis: The voltage stability analysis for a given system state involves examining following two aspects. Proximity to voltage instability: Distance to instability may be measured in terms of physical quantities, such as load level, real power flow through a critical interface, and reactive power reserve. Possible contingencies, such as a line outage, loss

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Types of Facts Controllers in Power System

Types of Facts Controllers in Power System: The development of FACTS controllers has followed two different approaches. The first approach employs reactive impedances or a tap changing transformer with thyristor switches as controlled elements, the second approach employs self-commutated static converters as controlled voltage sources. In general, Various types of facts controllers in power system

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Difference Between SVC and Statcom

Difference Between SVC and Statcom: Difference Between SVC and Statcom may be noted that in the normal linear operating range of the V-I characteristic and functional compensation capability of the STATCOM and the SVC are similar. However, the basic operating principles of the STATCOM, which, with a converter based var generator, functions as a shunt-connected

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