Apparatus Protection in Power System

Bus Zone Protection

Bus Zone Protection: Bus Zone Protection includes, besides the bus itself the apparatus such as circuit breakers, disconnecting switches, instrument transformers and bus sectionalizing reactors, etc. Although bus zone faults are rare, experience shows that bus zone protection is highly desirable in large and important stations. Bus zone is more vulnerable to the effects of […]

Bus Zone Protection Read More »

Motor Protection

Motor Protection: Motor Protection – There is a wide range of motors in existence for various purposes. However, the fundamental problems affecting the choice of protection are independent of the type of motor and the type of load to which it is connected. The motors under discussion here are a.c. motors which include synchronous motors

Motor Protection Read More »

Direct Connected Generator Protection

Direct Connected Generator Protection: Direct connected generators are normally of smaller ratings and a typical scheme of Direct Connected Generator Protection for a 30 MW generator is shown in Fig. (6.21). It consists of the following protections: Unbiased differential protection. Backup overcurrent protection. Negative phase sequence protection. Standby earth fault. In addition to these protections

Direct Connected Generator Protection Read More »

Prime Mover Protection

Prime Mover Protection: In the event of prime-mover failure the machine starts motoring meaning thereby that it draws electrical power from the system and drives the prime-mover. This condition imposes a balanced load on the system, which can be detected by a power relay with a directional characteristic, as Prime Mover Protection illustrated in Fig.

Prime Mover Protection Read More »

Overload Protection Relay

Overload Protection Relay: Overload Protection Relay – Continuous balanced overloading of a machine causes overheating in the stator winding. An obvious solution to this is the application of overcurrent relays; but this is not usually provided because this discriminates by time, it must be arranged to discriminate with the slowest relay on the system which

Overload Protection Relay Read More »

Loss of Excitation Protection

Loss of Excitation Protection: Two distinct effects of Loss of Excitation Protection are that the machine starts drawing magnetizing current of large magnitude from the system, and the slip frequency emfs induced in the rotor circuit; both of them cause over­heating of the rotor. Loss of Excitation Protection can be detected by measuring the reactive

Loss of Excitation Protection Read More »

Rotor Protection

Rotor Protection: Rotor Protection – As pointed earlier rotor windings may be damaged by earth faults or open circuits. Figure (6.16) shows a modern method of rotor earth-fault detection. The field is biased by a d.c. voltage which causes current to flow through the relay R for an earth fault anywhere on the field system.

Rotor Protection Read More »

Stator Protection

Stator Protection: Stator Protection – The type of stator faults likely to occur have been discussed already. The earth-fault current is usually limited by resistance in the neutral of the generator. Depending upon the amount of resistance in the neutral circuit of the generator the fault current may be limited to a value between 200A

Stator Protection Read More »

Generator Faults

Generator Faults: Generator faults can be considered under the following heads. (a) Stator Faults: These include the following: Phase-to-earth faults. Phase-to-phase faults. Inter-turn faults. Most faults occur in the stator windings and their connections and majority of these are earth faults. Phase faults and inter-turn faults an less common, these usually develop into an earth

Generator Faults Read More »

Scroll to Top