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Solid Grounding

Solid Grounding or Effective Grounding: When the neutral point of a 3-phase system (e.g. 3-phase generator, 3-phase transformer etc.) is directly connected to earth (i.e. soil) through a wire of…

Time Graded Overcurrent Protection

Time Graded Overcurrent Protection: In this scheme of Time Graded Overcurrent Protection, time discrimination is incorporated. In other words, the time setting of relays is so graded that in the…

Busbar Protection: Busbars and lines are important elements of electric power system and require the immediate attention of protection engineers for safeguards against the possible faults occurring on them. The…

Circulating Current Scheme for Transformer Protection

Circulating Current Scheme for Transformer Protection: Merz-Price Circulating Current Scheme for Transformer Protection is commonly used for the protection of power transformers against earth and phase faults. The system as applied…

Protection of Transformers

Protection of Transformers: Transformers are static devices, totally enclosed and generally oil immersed. Therefore, chances of faults occurring on them are very rare. However, the consequences of even a rare…

Balanced Earth Fault Protection

Balanced Earth Fault Protection: In small-size alternators, the neutral ends of the three-phase windings are often connected internally to a single terminal. Therefore, it is not possible to use Merz-Price…

Differential Protection of Alternators

Differential Protection of Alternators: The most common system used for the protection of stator winding faults employs circulating-current principle (Refer back to Art. 21.18). In this scheme of Differential Protection…

Protection of Alternators

Protection of Alternators: The generating units, especially the larger ones, are relatively few in number and higher in individual cost than most other equipment's. Therefore, it is desirable and necessary…