Frequency Standards Articles: Primary Standard: One arrangement is a carefully designed quartz crystal oscillator operating in the range 50 to 100 kHz, having a low temperature coefficient, constant amplitude output…
Precision Frequency Standard: Most high precision frequency standard in use utilise a geometric transverse (GT) cut quartz crystal as the frequency controlling resonant elements having changes in frequency of less…
Atomic frequency standards and clocks: Atomic frequency standards and clocks - The measurement of time has two different aspects, civil and scientific. In most scientific work, it is desired to…
Difference Between Frequency Modulation and Amplitude Modulation: The Difference Between Frequency Modulation and Amplitude Modulation are discussed below The frequency modulation (FM) has the following advantages over the amplitude modulation…
Frequency Compensation Methods: Phase-Lag and Phase-Lead Compensation - Lag compensation and lead compensation are two Frequency Compensation Methods often employed to stabilize op-amp circuits. The phase-lag network in Fig. 15-7(a)…
Television Systems and Standards: It is clear that a large amount of information must be broadcast by a television transmitter and that there are a variety of ways in which…
Intermediate Frequency Amplifier: Choice of frequency: The Intermediate Frequency Amplifier (IF) of a receiving system is usually a compromise, since there are reasons why it should be neither low nor…
Frequency Changing and Tracking in Receivers: The mixer is a nonlinear device having two sets of input terminals and one set of output terminals. The signal from the antenna or…