Differential Protection of Transformers: Differential Protection of Transformers is the most important type of protection used for internal phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults and is generally applied to transformers having ratings…
Transformer Protection Types: Nature of Transformer Faults: Power transformers, being static, totally enclosed and oil immersed develop faults only rarely but the consequences of even a rare fault may be…
Phase Comparison Carrier Protection: The phase comparison pilot-relaying operates on the principle of comparing the phase position of the currents at the two ends of the protected section. The Phase…
Carrier Pilot Protection and Microwave Pilot Protection: The problem of providing economically an auxiliary channel by means of pilots for long lines directed attention to carrier techniques. In this case…
Application of 3 Phase System: In a Application of 3 Phase System, a wide variety of faults can occur, i.e. phase to phase, phase to earth, 2 phase to earth…
Power Swings in Power System Protection: The impedance measured or seen by a distance relay during normal load is shown in Fig. (5.29). Normally this would be outside the tripping…
Scheme of Distance Protection: In developing an overall Scheme of Distance Protection, it is necessary to provide a number of relays to obtain the required discrimination. Modern practice is to…
Fault Resistance Calculation: Fault Resistance Calculation consists of two components, the resistance of the are and the resistance of earth. The second component is present only when it involves an…