Tropospheric Scatter Propagation: Tropospheric Scatter Propagation is a means of beyond-the-horizon propagation for UHF signals. Tropospheric Scatter Propagation uses certain properties of the troposphere, the nearest portion of the atmosphere…
Sky Wave Propagation Frequency Range: Sky Wave Propagation Frequency Range is the ionosphere is the upper portion of the atmosphere, which absorbs large quantities of radiant energy from the sun,…
Uses of Ground Wave Propagation: Uses of Ground Wave Propagation along the surface of the earth and, as previously mentioned, must be vertically polarised to prevent short circuiting the electric…
Radio Receivers Articles: Tuned Radio Frequency Receiver: The Tuned Radio Frequency Receiver is a simple “logical” receiver. A person with just a little knowledge of communications would probably expect all…
Product Demodulator: The Product Demodulator (or detector), as shown in Figure 6-44, is virtually a mixer with audio output. It is popular for SSB, but is equally capable of demodulating…
Stereo FM Multiplex Reception: Assuming there have been no losses or distortion in transmission, the demodulator output in a Stereo FM Multiplex Reception, tuned to a stereo transmission, will be…
Automatic Frequency Control Block Diagram: Automatic frequency control: As previously we see, the heart of an AFC circuit is a frequency-sensitive device, such as the phase discriminator, which produces a…
Squelch Circuit: Squelch (muting): When no carrier is present at the input, i.e., in the absence of transmissions on a given channel or between stations, a sensitive receiver will produce a…