PLL FM Detector or Demodulator

PLL FM Detector or Demodulator: The PLL can be very easily used as an FM detector or demodulator. Fig. 2.131 shows the PLL FM Detector or Demodulator Block Diagram. When…

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Phase Locked Loop Working Principle

Phase Locked Loop Working Principle: A Phase Locked Loop Working is basically a closed loop system designed to lock the output frequency and phase to the frequency and phase of…

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IC 723 Voltage Regulator

IC 723 Voltage Regulator: The popular general purpose precision regulator is IC 723. It is a monolithic linear integrated circuit in different physical packages. The pin diagram of IC 723…

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Astable Multivibrator using 555 Timer IC

Astable Multivibrator Using IC 555: Fig. 2.105 shows the operation of Astable Multivibrator using 555 Timer IC. The threshold input is connected to the trigger input. Two external resistances RA,…

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Monostable Multivibrator Using IC 555

Monostable Multivibrator Using IC 555: The IC 555 timer can be operated as a Monostable Multivibrator Using IC 555 by connecting an external resistor and a capacitor as shown in…

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Reactive Plasma Etching

Reactive Plasma Etching: The reactive plasma is the discharge in which gases ionized producing chemically active species, oxidizers, reagents. The plasma is reactive in both gaseous and solid phase, hence…

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Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC Motor: The term Brushless DC Motor is applied to many configurations of ac synchronous motors in which semiconductor control is used to control stator currents such that maximum…

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