Ruby Maser: As was know ferrites of certain materials have atomic systems that can be made to resonate magnetically at frequencies dependent on the atomic structure of the material and…

Pulsed Ruby Laser: The Pulsed Ruby Laser is similar to the ruby cavity maser, to some extent, in that stimulation is applied to raise the chromium atoms to a higher…

Cryogenically Cooled Amplifiers: The term solid-state is used deliberately here; it does not mean "semiconductor." In terms of the somewhat older maser parlance, it means the opposite of gaseous, i.e.,…