Symmetrical T Network in Network Analysis:

In line transmission theory, the symmetrical T network is the most frequently used network. The condition in the symmetrical T network is that the total series arm impedance and shunt arm impedance must be Z1 and Z2 respectively. To have a total series arm impedance of Z1, the two series arm impedances must be selected as Z1/2 each as shown in the Fig. 8.7.Symmetrical T Network in Network Analysis

Let us derive the expressions for the characteristic impedance (Z0) and propagation constant (γ) in terms of the network elements.

Characteristic Impedance (Z0):

(A) In terms of series and shunt arm impedances

Consider a symmetrical T network terminated at its output terminal with its characteristic impedance as shown in the Fig. 8.8.

Symmetrical T Network in Network Analysis

By the property of the symmetrical network, the input impedance of such network terminated in Z0 at other port is equal to Z0.

The input impedance of a T network is given by,

(B) In terms of open and short circuit impedances

For symmetrical networks, impedances measured at any pair of terminals with other pair of terminals either open circuit or short circuit are of same value. Consider symmetrical T network with terminals 2-2′ either open circuit or short circuit as shown in the Fig. 8.9.

Symmetrical T Network in Network Analysis

Consider Fig. 8.9 (a),

Consider Fig. 8.9 (b),

Multiplying equations (3) and (4), we can write,

Symmetrical T Network in Network Analysis

Hence in any symmetrical network, the characteristic impedance Z0 is the geometric mean of open and short circuit impedances measured at any pair of terminals.

Propagation Constant (γ):

Consider properly terminated symmetrical T network as shown in the Fig. 8.12.

The currents entering and leaving network are assumed to be IS and IR respectively.

Applying KVL to the outer loop,

Hence

Symmetrical T Network in Network Analysis

The propagation constant of T section is therefore given by

Putting value of Z0 in equation (1), we can write,

From above equation we can write,

Symmetrical T Network in Network Analysis

Adding equations (3) and (4), we get,

Subtracting equation (4) from (3), we get,

Dividing equation (6) by (5) we get,

Series and shunt arm impedances in terms of characteristic impedance (Z0) and propagation constant (γ)

Consider equation (5),

Symmetrical T Network in Network Analysis

Consider equation (6),

Dividing equation (8) and (9),

Thus each series arm impedance, in terms of the characteristic impedance and propagation constant is given by

Symmetrical T Network in Network Analysis

Similarly, shunt arm impedance in terms of the characteristic impedance and propagation constant is given from equation (6) as

Symmetrical T Network in Network Analysis

Hence T network with components expressed in terms of characteristic impedance and propagation constant is as shown in the Fig. 8.13.