Static Relay: The term ‘static relay’ is generally referred to a relay incorporating solid state components like transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, etc. In this type of relay, the functions of comparison and measurement are performed by static circuits wherein there are no moving parts. According to a recent decision of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), […]
Basic Principle of Operation of Protective System: Basic Principle of Operation of Protective System – Each relay in a protection scheme performs a certain function and responds in a given manner to a certain type of change in the circuit quantities. For example one type of relay may operate when the current increases above a
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Essential Qualities of Protection Systems: Every Protection Systems which isolates a faulty element is required to satisfy four basic requirements: reliability; selectivity; fastness of operation; and discrimination. Without reliability and selectivity the protection would be rendered largely ineffective and could even become a liability. Reliability: Reliability is a qualitative term. Quantitatively it can be expressed
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Basic Ideas of Protection Relay: Basic Ideas of Protection Relay should ensure the availability of electrical energy without interruption to every load connected to the system. When the electric power supply is extended to remote villages the power system would consist of several thousand kilometres of distribution lines. The high voltage transmission lines carrying bulk
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Microprocessors and Microcontrollers: 18 Segment Display 68000 Stack and Queue 80186 Microprocessor Architecture 80186 Pin Diagram 80286 Instruction Set 80287 Numeric Data Processor 80387 Numeric Data co-processor 8051 Addressing Modes 8051 Arithmetic Instructions 8051 Interrupt Sources 8085 Instruction Classification 8085 Instruction Set 8085 Machine Cycle 8085 Microprocessor Architecture 8085 Microprocessor Features 8085 Microprocessor Pin Diagram
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Power System: AC Distribution Calculations AC Distribution System Advantages of High Transmission Voltage Air Blast Circuit Breakers Analysis of Unsymmetrical Faults Balanced Earth Fault Protection Base load and Peak Load on Power Station Basic Relays Booster Generator Booster Transformer Brown Boveri Regulator Buchholz Relay Bus Bar Arrangement in Power Station Busbar Arrangements in Substations Busbar
Electric Drives: 3 Phase Induction Motor Construction Applications of Electric Drives Basic Elements of Electric Drive Block Diagram of Electric Drive System Braking and 4 quadrants Operation Braking of Induction Motor Braking of Synchronous Motor Bridge Rectifier Circuit Diagram with freewheeling diode Characteristics of DC Motor Characteristics of Synchronous Motor Characteristics of Three Phase Induction
Types of Energy Sources: There are basically two Types of Energy Sources ; voltage source and current source. These are classified as i) Ideal source and ii) Practical source. Let us see the difference between ideal and practical sources. Voltage Source Ideal voltage source is defined as the energy source which gives constant voltage across
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Network Terminology: In this Network Terminology, we shall define some of the basic terms which are commonly associated with a network. 1.Network Any arrangement of the various electrical energy sources along with the different circuit elements is called an electrical network. Such a network is shown in the Fig. 1.1. 2.Network Element Any individual circuit
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Surge Voltage and its Distribution and Control: The design of power apparatus particularly at high voltages is governed by their transient behavior. The transient high voltages or surge voltages originate in power systems due to lightning and switching operations. The effect of the surge voltage is severe in all power apparatuses. The response of a
